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How Important are Mutual Recognition Agreements for Trade Facilitation?
Trade in the 21st century may face lower tariffs, but regulations that affect international trade in goods and services have proliferated. While...
The Impacts of EU Strategy Autonomy Policies – A Primer for Member States
EU governments should be much more sceptical and critical of the EU’s strategic autonomy agenda and the new polices intended to achieve the EU’s...
A Compass to Guide EU Policy in Support of Business Competitiveness
The EU agenda for improving competitiveness is missing in action. Economic competitiveness has been a central plank in the development of the...
Leadership in European Digital Policy: Future Role and Direction for the D9+ Group
In this paper, we will discuss how Europe makes digital policy and how its digital economic performance can be improved. The focus is on the D9+...
Has Globalisation Really Peaked for Europe?
This paper builds on the recent arguments put forward by Richard Baldwin and others debunking the myth that we enter a period of de-globalisation....
Processing Trade and Global Supply Chains: Towards a Resilient “GVC 2.0” Approach
In the current global context marked by economic fragility, growing uncertainty and geopolitical conflicts, ensuring the smooth functioning of...
The New Wave of Defensive Trade Policy Measures in the European Union: Design, Structure, and Trade Effects
This study undertakes a comprehensive review of proposed and adopted defensive trade policy instruments in the EU, with the purpose of better...
After the DMA, the DSA and the New AI Regulation: Mapping the Economic Consequences of and Responses to New Digital Regulations in Europe
The European Union (EU) has pursued an ambitious agenda for regulating the digital economy, and it is now planning to establish a new package of...
Should the EU Pursue a Strategic Ginseng Policy? Trade Dependency in the Brave New World of Geopolitics
Political leaders all over the world are calling for strategic autonomy. The removal of critical trade dependencies has become a guiding principle...
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Has the Fairest Clauses of Us All? Stress-testing the Application of Mirror Clauses to Pesticides
In less than six months, ‘mirror clauses’ have taken EU trade policy by storm. To inject ‘reciprocity’ in trading terms, the French...